In Mental Health among African Americans: Innovations in Research and Practice, Erlanger A. Turner presents a new theoretical framework that emphasizes culturally sensitive clinical practices and Afrocentric values in order to address the lower rates of African Americans seeking medical treatment in the United States. Turner traces this reluctance to the unethical scientific research practices that characterized experiments in recent history like the well-known Tuskegee Syphilis study, and stresses the need for providers to address racial trauma.