Project MATCH was a large-scale treatment evaluation study established by the U.S. National Institute on Alcohol Abuse to determine whether the treatment of alcoholism could be improved by matching different types of alcoholics with the most appropriate kinds of treatment. This book, edited by the two principal investigators, is the first comprehensive report of Project MATCH, the largest treatment study ever conducted with alcoholics. It describes the rationale, methods, results and implications of the study, and presents new findings about how treatment works, for whom it is most effective, and who does best in different kinds of treatment. It also offers some of the first scientific evidence on the effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous. The audience for this book is broad, including researchers, clinicians and policy makers in the field of alcoholism and addiction.