Where do we stand with the Old Testament and our extra-biblical sources in terms of the history of thought and science? The question of how people think and how this thinking can be classified typologically and historically is dealt with in a wide variety of scientific disciplines. Again and again there have been attempts to ascribe different thinking styles to different people, groups, cultures and times. Also for the science of the cultures of the ancient Orient, which has a main source for the history of Western thought in the Old Testament, the question of whether ways of thinking can be typologized in a culture-bound and cross-cultural manner is indispensable. A new interest in the classification of the ancient Near Eastern cultures in terms of the history of thought and science has flourished in recent years, and so the long-neglected question of "Hebrew thinking" in the context of the history of thought and science in the Ancient Near East, including Greece, is new place. In the studies presented here, a form of the history of thought and science of the Old Testament is presented, which asks about the Old Testament ways of thinking in the context of the ancient oriental cultures of knowledge and can be connected to the history of ideas and science in other disciplines. Jan Dietrich's history of thought and science of the Old Testament examines the Old Testament ideas, traditions, concepts, and concepts and the ways of thinking behind them and classifies them in terms of the history of science.