Examines key themes in Turkish Islamic theology, from nationalism to religion and from democracy to gender identity Extensively analyses numerous late-Ottoman and modern Turkish Muslim theologians, such as ?smail Hakk? ?zmirli, Bekir Topalo?lu, H seyin Atay, Hayrettin Karaman, S nmez Kutlu, Hidayet ?efkatli Tuksal, H lya Alper and Emine ? k Explores how modern Turkish theologians have grappled with issues such as nationalism and democracy; conceptions of God and humanity; the definition of religion itself and theological arguments for secularism; and theologies of human rights, gender and sexuality Based on a range of Turkish language theological sources not available in English and never before analysed in English Philip Dorroll argues that Turkish Islamic theology is in fact a distinct tradition of Islamic theological thought, shaped by the unique social conditions of the Turkish Republic. Tracking the emergence and development of this tradition over time, Dorroll examines the key themes of theology in the Turkish Republic. In doing so, he provides an important historical and conceptual map to the vast territory of modern Turkish theology.