This book is a new contribution on the subject of mindfulness, having at its core the classic Buddhist meditation text, the Satipatthanasutta ("Discourse on the Foundations of Mindfulness") in the original Pali, translated here into English alongside the comments and explanations of the text by Pemasiri Thera, a contemporary meditation master and scholar from the Theravada tradition in Sri Lanka. Pemasiri Thera has richly commented on the ancient text, drawing on the larger Tipiaka and its commentaries, and provided helpful elucidations of the key concepts from the sutta (awareness, mindfulness, contemplation, etc.) as well as offered new and alternative interpretations and concrete experiential examples from meditation practice. Tamara Ditrich compiled, edited, and translated the Satipatthanasutta with Pemasiri Thera's commentary into English and in turn she also contributed her own comments in extensive notes, linking the Thera's commentary to Theravada Buddhist sources and highlighting those aspects that enrich or throw new light on the standard approaches. The book presents a comprehensive guide for understanding mindfulness by situating it within the larger Theravada doctrinal framework in a way accessible to contemporary readers. The book will appeal to general and scholarly readers interested in any aspects of the theory and practice of mindfulness, Buddhist teachings or Pali studies.