The new edition of this popular introduction takes seriously the idea that health outcomes can be fully understood only by investigating the role the social world plays in our health. Ratcliff and Axtell-Thompson put into practice the "upstream" imagery championed by public health experts, locating the causes of health problems – and their solutions – within the social environment. Each chapter explains how the shape of social institutions, the unequal realities of community life, and the politics behind corporate and governmental decisions produce and perpetuate unhealthy living and working conditions. This new edition links more strongly to existing US and international policy frameworks on the determinants of health and pays greater attention to socioeconomic factors, education, climate change, and neighborhood disparities. Arguing that none of us should be placed in health-threatening situations that could be prevented, this provocative analysis uses social justice and human rights lenses to guide public discussion toward changes that can produce a healthier world for us all. It will continue to be invaluable to professionals and students in sociology, public health, and other fields related to health.