The The New York Times headline was no joke. In the early 1900s, many believed intelligent life had been discovered on Mars. Reconstructed through newly discovered clippings, letters and photographs, The Martians begins in the 1890s with a Harvard scion who was so certain of his Mars discovery that he (almost) convinced a generation of astronomers that grainy photographs of the red planet revealed meltwater and an intricate canal system, declaring “there can be no doubt that living beings inhabit our neighbouring world” (The New York Times). A frenzied international controversy soon arose. Inventor Nikola Tesla announced he had received Martian radio signals, biologists debated whether Martians were winged or gilled and a new genre called science fiction arose. While Lowell’s claims were debunked, his influence sparked a compulsive interest in Mars and life in outer space that continues to this day.